Created with Highcharts 10.3.3EUR/MW/day8678678128127457458798799899891 0481 0488968967387386196196106105405409709709299299329321 0521 0529309301 1661 1661 0821 0828298298328326776775915915455456086085665664214215845846116116076075465466076073993993883884204207277277557559219218988987927929439431 0271 02785585555155144144152252244744725425419719720220227527520620627327332732723223219919914814811211214514519719713513518118111911919419414814817117114914920420435135115515540540542842854954948148138238254154134934926026020520521821819619629429434734748448472272245845856656633333327227225725745845832432424624623323317417496969393109109138138140140142142139139150150116116150150129129157157175175179179173173236236232232175175103103225225287287NLBEGBDEESApr/23May/23Jun/23Jul/23Aug/23Sep/23Oct/23Nov/23Dec/23Jan/24Feb/24Mar/24Apr/24May/24Jun/24Jul/24Aug/24Sep/24Oct/24Nov/24Dec/24Jan/25Feb/25025050075010001250
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The KYOS Battery Index reports cashflows in a specific past month for the defined battery and market. The index is a single value per market and expressed in EUR/MW/day.

The data sources are: EPEX (ID1) for NL, BE, DE, GB. TenneT, Elia and Elexon for Imbalance in NL, BE and GB. OMIE for ES.
Intraday trading is done with perfect foresight of the prices, based on dynamic programming optimization. This means the battery charges/discharges in the optimal moments.
The passive imbalance trading strategy creates a short (or long) position whenever the forecasted IB take (feed) price in the next hour falls (rises) sufficiently below (above) recent IB take (feed) prices. The thresholds are defined independently for each market in a way that it maximizes the revenue.

A multi-linear regression based on historical imbalance and intraday prices is used to generate the imbalance price forecasts. The income from passive imbalance trading is calculated on the imbalances times the actual imbalance prices.
To explain the interaction with the intraday market, pretend there are two independent traders operating in each market:

Intraday Trader: This trader optimizes battery dispatch based on expected price developments in the intraday market. The primary trader's decisions are made 1 hour ahead of the imbalance trader.

Imbalance Trader: After the primary trader makes her decision, the imbalance trader reviews the battery's current state and the primary trader's positions. He then decides on trades based on recent imbalance prices and forecasts for the next period.

Finally, the imbalance trader must ensure that any trades he makes do not exceed the battery's capacity limits. He updates the primary trader on the new state of charge, which she will consider in her next decision-making cycle.